The Hundred Flowers Campaign

The Hundred Flowers Campaign began in 1957 when Mao Zedong declared in a speech, â€Å"Let a hundred schools of thought contend,† effectively encouraging criticism from members of the Chinese Communist Party. After members began pointing out where the party had made mistakes, however, Mao suddenly reversed this new policy and began the Anti-Rightist Movement, condemning the critics whose opinions he had just previously invited. Was the Hundred Flowers Campaign a trick designed by Mao to trap his opponents? Mao reversed his policies, which people may use as proof that the campaign was a trick. Mao first announced his call for criticism to the members of the party on 27 February 1957. After they overcame their initial fears of being labelled ‘anti-party,’ members acquiesced to Mao’s request on a tremendous scale, sending millions of letters complaining of corruption, inefficiency, and lack of realism within the party. But then, suddenly, on 19 July 1957, only five months after its conception, Mao halted the campaign and began the Anti-Rightist Movement, a stark contrast to the Hundred Flowers Campaign. It was now a time of harsh suppression; those who had criticized the party were now reprimanded. This sudden and completely turnaround change in policy seems to suggest that the Hundred Flowers Campaign had been a deliberate manoeuvre to lure Mao’s enemies into the open, where they could be easily identified and removed during the Anti-Rightist Movement. Indeed, Mao seemed to have successfully trapped his opponents with this cunning trick. The harshness of the Anti-Rightist Movement also suggests that the campaign was a trick. Those who responded to Mao’s call for criticism most vehemently were now forced to withdraw their statements. Furthermore, thousands of party members were sent to ‘re-education camps,’ where some spent the next five or more years doing hard labour. Even Zhou Enlai, one of Mao’s most loyal supporters, was forced to make a specious and humiliating self-criticism in front of a large party gathering. Mao’s retaliation was severe, precise, and on an enormously large scale. He was obviously poised to attack, and this hints that the Hundred Flowers Campaign was merely a wily method of enticing Mao’s prey. There is, on the other hand, much evidence to support that the campaign was a genuine attempt at reform. In his ‘Contradictions’ speech, given to leading party workers in early 1957, Mao complained of the oppressive way some party officials were applying policies and hinted that it was time to begin permitting intellectuals to voice their opinions. Furthermore, in 1956, he had been tolerant of Hu Feng, a writer who challenged the idea that all artistic merit should be judged based on Marxist-Leninist values, even as other CCP leaders viciously censured him. These two examples show that Mao, although previously disdainful of intellectuals, may have begun to see their importance, and thus may have been honestly inviting their criticism when the Hundred Flowers Campaign began. In addition, the launching of the Hundred Flowers Campaign may have been triggered by events in other communist states rather than a desire to trick party opponents. In 1956, Soviet Union leader Nikita Khrushchev launched an attack on the previous leader Joseph Stalin, dead now for three years, and his ‘cult of personality,’ Mao probably saw how his own popularity—adulating portraits of him were being hung everywhere—could also be interpreted as a cult of personality. Mao obviously wanted to dispel this notion, and may have attempted to do so with the Hundred Flowers Campaign. The campaign showed that he valued other people’s opinions, and that he was not just a heroic public image that deserved unquestioning flattery and praise. Seen from this light, it seems that Mao was not just aiming to trick his opponents. This theory also explains why the transition from the Hundred Flowers Campaign to the Anti-Rightist Movement was so sudden. If Mao indeed feared being compared to Stalin, his fear was relieved in late 1956 when Khrushchev crushed the Hungarian rising, an attempt to break away from the Soviet Union. This event showed that Khrushchev, although critical of Stalin, did not have any intention of relaxing the Communist Party’s authoritarian control over the USSR and its people. Mao realized that he would not have to compete with Khrushchev in developing ‘Communism with a human face,’ and perhaps this caused him to change his mind about the necessity of the Hundred Flowers Campaign. A quick shift into the Anti-Rightist Movement then resulted. After examining the evidence, it becomes clear that Mao did not design the Hundred Flowers Campaign as a trick to trap his opponents. Rather, he launched the campaign because of his increasing appreciation of the opinions of intellectuals, and more importantly, because of his fear of becoming a victim of de-Stalinisation. Although the sudden reversal of policy into the Anti-Rightist Movement may seem suspicious, it looses significance when juxtaposed against the defeat of the Hungarian rising: Mao simply changed his mind.

Beijing EAPS Consulting, Inc.

The case study, â€Å"Beijing EAPS Consulting, Inc. † in the Custom Book, (2011), examines the project management structure of the Beijing EAPS Consulting (BEC) company. This case study also addresses about project plan itself and how the co-workers are struggling with this communication between both mangers. This project plan has demonstrated many strengths and weakness. The one thing that the project plan needs put into action is safeguards to insure that the project is completed on time. BEC has taken on the matrix organizational structure.This type of structure combines functional and divisional organization structure styles. There are advantages and disadvantages in utilizing this type of organizational structure. Advantages include resource utilization, specialization, cross functional areas, communication and flexibility. Resource utilization allows for the project departmental managers to focus on their strengths. Also, it allows for the managers to all the workers to specialize in an area of important for that project. In turn, it uses people across the company who specialize in a field that relates to the project at hand.This matrix structure permits cross departmental communication and flexibility to work on different projects across the company structure. ( Guzman, 2012) However, with advantages come disadvantage with this type of matrix organizational structure. This structure increases complexity within the organization by leading to confusion among both workers and managers. The managers may not know what a certain employee has on their plate. In reverse, the employee will obtain an overload of work because they are receiving work from two different types of managers.Another disadvantage is an increase in overhead cost for the company due to the need for double management. This double management can lead to confusion between managers as to who has the higher priority of work creating a power struggle. (Johnson, 2012) The case study,  "Beijing EAPS Consulting, Inc. † in the Custom Book, (2011), reveals many advantages and disadvantages to this matrix organizational structure. For instance, the project manager, Ms. Song, and the departmental manager, Mr. Yang, are having a problem deciding who makes the final decisions on work to be completed because they are the same level in the management structure.Ms. Song feels like she does not have the authority to give direction to Mr. Yang’s employees. She is also wary about asking Mr. Yang to give his employees work from her because of his temperament. The loud and abrasive attitude of Mr. Yang represents the rational personality type. A rational trait is more forceful and can get angry quickly. (Lewis, 2003) Mr. Yang knows he has this type of personality; however, he does not do anything to curve this problem when he notices that Ms. Song is not communicating with him.Also, the employees do not know which manager to listen to or how to prioritize their work at hand. This causes more conflict between the employees, the project manager and departmental managers. In addition, these employees are not sure if the project manager or the department manager is their direct supervisor. This in turn causes conflict between both managers. There are some strengths and weaknesses that have been made clear about the project plan in the case study, â€Å"Beijing EAPS Consulting, Inc. † in the Custom Book, (2011).These weaknesses include an overload of individual and team projects. The employees need to work extra hours to keep up with tight deadlines. They are also working across department lines meaning they have to meet the demands of more than one manager at a time. When urgent matters arise they are required to add the new work to meet a new deadline on top of the current work load which now causes more stress on the employees and managers. On the other side, some of the strengths include being more efficient and market-oriented. These st rengths will help the company grow in size and profit.Also, being a matrix structure allows for multiple cross functional teams to work together. This helps the company work in a team environment with collaboration across all departmental boarders. Kloppenborg, Shriberg, and Venkattaman in Project Leadership (2003) discuss many factors about working in a team environment and the type of team behavior that is needed to help balance the expansion and management problems facing the Beijing EAPS Consulting company. To begin, the team environment needs a leader that is committed to the company and to them.This leader also needs knowledge of the project at hand, as well as the skills to help facilitated the project completion. Also, within this team environment it is a good idea to bring in the team members to participate in the 5 classical team development steps. These include forming, storming, norming, preforming and adjourning. By bringing in the entire team, a sense of community and rapport is built with the rest of the team. This helps to create a better cohesive and happier team environment. Team behavior is very important for a growing company like BEC. They need to make sure that heir employees have the correct company vision and attitude to expand. One of the big factors in getting a team together is to make sure that they socialize. They need to get to know each other and to understand their team members backgrounds both personally and professionally, along with their skills and behaviors they emanate. This will help lead to respect within the team environment. One of the major factors BEC is missing within its team environment is ground rules and codes of conduct. This helps the team share in understanding and expectations of the team as a whole.This implementation would help promote the correct behavior for any given situation within the team environment. These rules would also let them know who is in charge and who they report to for a specific project or goal they have been assigned. (Exforsys, 2010). Once you have a team in place, the next important goal is to make sure that your projects are completed on time. There are many ways safeguards and project planning can be done to mitigate the risk of being late for a project completion. The first thing that would need to be done is a Work Base Structure (WBS).This would insure that all aspects of the project have been planned out with timelines and schedules of smaller milestones. The WBS would take into account any risk management planning that would need to occur along with any communication planning. Another great safeguard is to build on some time to the end of the project deadline for any unforeseen events but have a set firm deadline. This firm deadline will give the project team a sense of responsibility to get the project done within that timeframe. This is a commitment from, not just the company, but the sponsors, team and project managers.In saying that, the project mana ger would need to track the progress of the work completed and the schedule to make sure that everything is running smoothly. Once milestones are met upper management would be notified as to the progress of the project. (Phillips, 2004) Every company needs a designed structure for communication between employees and management. The employees need to understand the reporting structure up though management and whether they are reporting to a project manager or a department manager However, it is not just the employees that need this definition of reporting structure but the managers need it as well.When the project manager is developing the team they need to create a community type of feeling within the team environment. This will help to insure that there is communication and good rapport with the team. Finally, making sure that a team stays on track and meets deadlines is a major under taking for the project manager. They need to build a WBS and take into account safeguards to insur e that deadlines are met.

A Long Way Down By Matthew Simpson Song Analysis

Nick Hornby is a modern British classic author, having won many awards, most of his books have climbed to the top of the bestsellers chart. Most of his books are fictional and tend to be written about unemployed characters or characters who are now quite far down the social ladder, for whatever reason. His books have done well enough for three films to be made out of them. ‘A Long Way Down' is about four characters who want to commit suicide, but meet and decide not to, instead opting to help each other. It was very successful because of its narrative and the characters which we like to read about in order to make ourselves feel better. People would also buy it because of his previous success. There are many reasons for its success, including the fact that it is about suicide. We are intrigued by this narrative because it is something we do not really know about. The theme of social wealth is also very important because it is something we are involved with on a day to day basis. Character introductions are very important because it sets the standard for the rest of the novel and also needs to hook the reader. ‘Emma' By Jane Austin is a good example as it hooks us by talking immediately about social wealth, â€Å"with very little to distress or vex her†, this intrigues us because we want to learn about her luxurious lifestyle. As I have previously discussed, Hornby is a bestselling author who has become a modern classic author. This reputation must have helped ‘A Long Way Down' to sell well, as it did become a bestseller. Exploration of character introductions All four characters start the narrative and the variety in social wealth of the characters adds to interest. By having these four contradicting characters, we are guaranteed conflict. Jess is a young, party-going loudmouth, but is without many friends, â€Å"and not have anywhere to go on New Year's Eve.† We as readers wonder what her life is like, but once we find out that she has a political father, and a comfortable home, we feel little sympathy for her. Jess likes to argue with and annoy the other characters, which can excite us, because we like to see characters fall out in order to make us feel better about ourselves. Maureen is the other female, who is extremely introverted with a disabled son. Her transformation from this character into a more relaxed, open and friendly character after hitting Jess' ex, shows us that even the most reclusive people can change and be happy, making us as readers happy as well. By adding a supposed rising American rock star, who has unfortunately fallen on hard times, we feel sorry that he was not able to achieve his ambitions. JJ's constant use of swear words livens up the story, â€Å"Oh OK, your band was fucked up†¦the only reason you were in this fuckin' country†, as we don't see it as being pretentious, or something that we can't read. The icing on the cake has to be the law-breaking child molester, â€Å"screwing a fifteen-year-old†, who rocketed into the public eye for things which he would rather have not been' being bombarded by the press with headlines such as â€Å"SLEAZEBAG!† We want to know how on earth he could possibly live with himself, and perhaps understand that he's not the murderous villain that we might typically stereotype him as. Although, for sure, we are not meant to like him all that much. Having these four different suicidal characters also means that we can see that suicidal people aren't necessarily as selfish as we might think they are, and that they are just normal people like you and me, except grossly stereotyped and with supposedly big problems. Each character interests us in a different way, and obviously one of the novels greatest pulls is its modern style, with frequent use of colloquialism and so on, as I have explained below. However, some other interesting factors are the fact that Jess doesn't use speech marks because she apparently doesn't understand how to use them. By varying the syntax like this, it makes the sentence structure less common and so more interesting to read, and perhaps a bit more of a challenge to read. Another key factor is how one character thinks of the other characters, for example Martin thinks that he is too cool to â€Å"hang around† with the other three, when he clearly isn't. This difference in attitudes towards each other that they don't all necessarily know about, has the effect of making the reader think they have an advantaged view on things and so want to find out how things change. Hornby releases information slowly in order to add intrigue. This is evident in the first chapter which Maureen â€Å"writes†, where she talks about a â€Å"He† and â€Å"His† without telling us who this is. We wonder if she is in a dysfunctional relationship, until we find out a few lines later that it is actually her son, and later still a sick child, which perhaps makes her seem selfish when she says, â€Å"but you can see that nothing goes in.† It is vastly important that Hornby uses a split narrative so hat we can see the central plot told or portrayed from several different angles, and see what effects it has on Martin's family or what he has left of it as a result, for example, â€Å"You know Martin left us? We didn't leave him?† It also gives us, as readers, variety so that if we get bored of one characters way of writing, we are safe in the knowledge that another character will be along in a minute that has a different outlook on things, and a different style of writing, inspiring us to keep reading. Moreover, if we had just one narrative then we wouldn't learn anything about suicide that would give us a â€Å"well-rounded† opinion if you like, it would also get terribly boring unless that character had split personalities, for example. Explore Hornby's writing style I think that Hornby's writing style is fabulous. The way we get the impression that he has written nothing, and that it was the work of these completely believable characters is astounding. As above, he frequently uses colloquialism, presumably to bring the novel down to earth and to make people believe that these could be real people. He uses very subtle language techniques such as brackets to make Maureen seem un-confident and Jess' lack of speech marks to indicate stupidity. Practically the whole book is written like a conversation and flows like one as well. Pretty much the whole book could be put on a stage without too much re-writing, and this, I suppose, helps to lift it out of the weighting of â€Å"a book† where complicated language and dull paragraphs are used into something that you could believe to be happening in you street. Exploration of themes and narratives We are interested in a group of people who want to kill themselves because it is not something we would normally think of doing, and neither is it something that we know about. The fact that suicide is so taboo in modern society makes the narrative of this book even more narrative, because it is somewhere where we can find out a little more about suicide, without all the opinions of other people etc. We are ultimately intrigued by this. Social wealth is extremely important in the novel, because if the characters had been successful people with lots of money, and lots of friends then we as reads would not be interested. When we pick up a book, most of us like to escape to another world, and find out about that world. Furthermore, we like to feel good about ourselves at the same time, so the characters have to be the complete opposite to the above so that we can compare it to our own lives and be happy that we are doing fairly well. A lot of people are obsessed with celebrity in today's society, so the fact that this is a key component for Martin in the novel is a big pull. Celebrity magazines usually focus on relationships, and rarely do we see celebrities with such vivid problems as Martin. We as readers want to see what this fame-torn star does with his life and also to observe his downfall. They want to know how someone with such a reputable job could get into such a bad state, which is something a lot of people like finding out about. We perhaps also feel sympathy for him because of the way he is treated by the media, which draws parallels with how real-life celebrities are treated and how we now think of them as a result of reading the novel. For those people who read ‘A Long Way Down' and are religious, a big part of the narrative for them must be Maureen's struggle with her religion's stance on what she so desperately wants to do and the pain she is suffering. People may wonder how on earth a Catholic could possible consider one of the biggest sins, as the obvious thing to say is that it is not an option for her, but she clearly thinks it is. Readers will want to find out, specifically in these days of high religious tension, how and if she manages to turn her back on her religion's beliefs. Suicide and religious guilt tie in very tightly with each other here. Some people may argue that the ending of the novel was a bit of an anti-climax, because they were expecting at least one of the four to commit suicide. However, I would argue that it wasn't, because we never really root for any of the characters to kill themselves, instead we want to see them resolve their problems. The fact that we get an ending where they talk about helping someone else who is in their situation, shows that they have learnt something and moved on, and this makes us happy. In Martin's last chapter, he seems to write a bit like an offender doing community service, as he tries to gain back his â€Å"self-respect.† This shows us that his arrogance from the start of the novel had perhaps started to die, until we read that he didn't like the child and blamed him for not getting his self-respect back quickly, â€Å"I blamed him, partly.† And again, perhaps the â€Å"partly† shows that he is starting to see the error of his ways. He also uses a circular narrative; the story beings with him stating, â€Å"Suicide was my Sydney†, and ends by saying, â€Å"self-respect is in, say, Sydney.† This shows us that he has moved on, but more so that he was back at the start, as were the others, and all the guilt and problems they had were very much still there. Throughout the book I never really cared for any of the characters and perhaps this is because I saw hope for them, there was always an alternate path; Maureen could have sent Matty to a care home, so I didn't think they needed caring for. I think that they were designed to intrigue and interest the reader, but were too vulgar or out of the ordinary to care for. I think that a reader would be more likely to care for a character if they were in a similar situation and so could empathize with them. In conclusion, I think that the social relevance of the novel outweighs that of the character introductions, because it is such a big issue in modern society, and this is where the initial spark of intrigue comes from, from us wanting to know so much about the topic of suicide. However, because the character introductions are so good, they are also responsible for hooking the reader and keeping them reading, perhaps more so than the social relevance. Had this book been released in the 1920s then the social relevance in relation to partying and suicide etc, would have perhaps of been less than it is now, and the introductions would have been such a contrast to writing of that time that they would not hook many people. So after reflection, it must be a combination of the two.

Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Research Paper - Essay Example Exchange of a commodity between individuals with the aim of deriving mutual benefits or with profit motif is one of the available definitions for the term business. The definition however extends to multiple transactions and disqualifies isolated transactions, such as a single exchange in a person’s life, as business. A single exchange transaction or just a few number of exchange transactions like three times in a person’s lifetime, for instance, does not identify the individual as a businessperson and therefore fails to offer an accurate definition of business. A more accurate definition of business is therefore an activity whose primary objective is wealth creation through exchange of goods and services. This definition separates such transactions as sale of personal property as a disposal strategy because of lack of profit motive. Some examples of activities have also been identified with the definition of business. According to Maheshwari (1997), all activities in t he field of commerce and industrial based activities meets the definition of business and this includes activities in â€Å"basic industries, processing and manufacturing industries and the network of ancillary services, distribution, banking, insurance, transport,† among other sectors (Maheshwari, 1997, 1). ... Its formation is simple, requiring no formalities, and it requires small amount of capital to start because its scope can be narrow. The proprietor also enjoys all the derived profit from the business and has the sole decision making right, a property that allows for faster decisions because there is no consultation obligations. Sole proprietorships however faces a number of challenges such as difficulty to raise sufficient capital for ventures, limited sources of capital because of lack of collaterals, and lack of specialization that limits quality of goods or services from a sole proprietorship business (Kelly and McGowen, 2010; Gitman and McDaniel 2008). Lack of expertise in management and service delivery possibility of the proprietor overworking himself are other limitations of the form of business. The business’ life is also limited to the life of the owner (Schneeman, 2012; Miller, n.d.). Partnership is another form of organization for business activities and defines a group of individuals, normally between two and twenty people, with a common objective of making profit. The form of business has advantages such as a wider capital base from members’ contribution, possibility of rich skills and experience from members that can be organized into specialization, rich sources of ideas for decision-making. Members also share losses and this facilitates continuity because of reduced impacts (Pride, Hunges and Kapoor, 2010; Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso, 2010). Disadvantages however include sharing of profits, lengthy decision-making processes that may also experience disagreements and unlimited liability of business partners (Sutherland and Canwell, 2008). Cooperatives have such advantages as low operation

Most Important Things In Human Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Most Important Things In Human Life - Essay Example Man is a social animal and it is almost impossible for a human to lead an isolated life. Relations ships are what makes man different from other animals. As per the Holy Bible, when God created Adam, He found that a companion is necessary for Adam and created Eve also. In other words, God himself was aware that it is difficult for a human to conduct a lonely life. Marriage or staying together is a holy act intended for human by God not only for creating offspring but for the success of the life as well through personal relationships Personal relationships help human to share their worries and stresses with others. It is impossible for the current generation to suppress all the tensions and worries in his/her mind. Psychologists are of the opinion that sharing of stresses with others can make a person feel relaxed and so many psychological problems can be reduced or removed if the person gets somebody for sharing his/her problems. Love is a basic character of all human beings. In fact, human life is established on the axis of love only by God. When love fails, problems will be started to creep in. Personal relationships are one way of expressing love towards others. In fact, people can make heavens in this world itself through love and personal relationships. Many people believe that the current conflicts in the world, like the Iraq war, Afghan war and the Israel-Palestine wars are occurred because of the lack of relationships between people and the countries. Achievements may not last long, but personal relationships are long-lasting ones. Suppose a person has earned a lot of wealth and failed to keep good relationships with others. The achievement of that person may not be remembered by others for more than a particular period of time.

What do you feel is a major challenge facing nursing today Essay

What do you feel is a major challenge facing nursing today - Essay Example The current situations as it is has seen nurses being stretched thin, with very unworkable shift programs rendering them largely unable to meet the needs and demands of their patients, even as they themselves would wish to and are capable of. In addition, the current overcrowding of the Emergency Departments as a result of blood tests and other diagnostic procedures continue to slow patient flow and retards performance and availability of nurses. This development above is aggravated further with the recent trend in nursing, where advanced degrees are no longer optional. Nurses are now forced to pursue master’s degree which only eventually scares away potentially great workforce, and thereby consequently reducing number of nurses and exacerbating short staffing in medical centers. Competition for human resources by other less strenuous and well-paying courses has also seen to a shift in interests from this field, over time (Zhan, 70-80). The challenge of meeting patient expectation however does not solely lie with the mechanisms surrounding nursing and the circumstances that continue to impact it. Instead, it is also a result of patient factors and diversity issues. This is not to imply that nurses are allowed to be negligent and incompetent but on the contrary argues that even the best efforts by nurses can go amazingly unnoticed and unappreciated by patients whose demands are â€Å"out of this world†. Patients may also have issues they may take out on the nurses particularly during their hospital visits. Nurses may therefore feel fatigued as a result, and in the process even the best and dedicated nurses are left reeling and battered in thoughts of inadequacy, unprofessionalism and low self-esteem. This can produce a negative effect on general performance and injure good relations of nurses toward their patients (Zhan, 83-85). Some of the few solutions that can be implemented to correct this problem are: to embark on a rampant promotion of

Visual Response & Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Visual Response & - Essay Example the society was confined in following the social dogma without asking questions, many a things were considered taboo and they were supposed to remain so. The poem Howl is a poem that was screaming out in protest against a destructive and abusive society but the that is not how the society saw it then and for this the publisher and distributor of the book was arrested and charged with distribution of explicit and obscene material though they were pardoned after the poet Mark Schorer testified that â€Å"Ginsberg uses the rhythms of ordinary speech and diction and I would say that the poem uses necessarily the language of vulgarity.† From a glance Howl may appear as a random jumble of words or mere vomit on a page and that is what critics had done before but it can be seen the poet’s crazy rush is delicately controlled. The poet seems to be in a rush, the whole poem is tedious, and tiring to read yet it remains bearable. The whole poem expresses the need to break away from tradition. It does not keep the traditional meter and rhythm of a poem it is more of stream of consciousness writing and in this way, the poet was able to bring out his themes. Freedom is one of the things that the poet cries out for, He talks about personal freedom as well as freedom for the masses. The conformist society wants things done as per tradition. The poet talks from a homosexuals point of view and freely uses words that the society finds obscene and vulgar. The poet and his friends do a lot of travelling and one of the ways of breaking loose is by travelling. The mention of Moloch reminds the reader of the god of prisons governments and boring suburbia Madness is also a prominent theme in the poem. The title of the poem is Howl. Its more common for animals to howl than for human to do s. the opening of Howl starts by saying â€Å"I saw the very best of minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical nakedness.† In the poem, the people who society consider normal the

Primary and secondary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Essay

Primary and secondary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Essay Example transformation from a less fatal disease to a fatal disease with less chance for survival. So, it is important to go through the histopathological changes taking place in the lung related to primary and secondary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Primary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis mainly affects human respiratory system (lungs). Besides, the main symptoms of this infection are similar to other common diseases and the real problem gets unnoticed. Anderson et al. (2014, p. 1713) state that ‘Since the symptoms and signs of childhood tuberculosis are seen in a range of other conditions, clinical diagnosis is unreliable’. As the initial infection or Primary TB is seen among children, the infection may affect their immunity and may lead to other diseases in general. One can see that vaccination is not effective for this infection because it spreads through air and direct contact with the infected person. So, the best possible treatment for primary infection is to diagnose the same and to provide proper medical treatment. Warner & Mizrahi (2014, p. 1642) state that ‘In the absence of a vaccine to provide long-term protection, control of drug-susceptible tuberculosis is largely dependent on a standa rd 6-month chemotherapy regimen that has been in use for more than three decades’. In addition, proper medical treatment can cure this infection because modern medicine proves to be effective while dealing with the same. From a different angle of view, treatment for primary infection can hinder the rapid spread of secondary infection because. Sterling et al. (2011, p.2156) state that ‘More than 2 billion persons are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and from this reservoir active tuberculosis will develop in millions of persons in coming decades.’ For instance, medical treatment can hinder the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from person to person and can save millions of people. Nowadays, treatment for this disease is

The High Court, The Crown Court & Magistrates Court Essay

The High Court, The Crown Court & Magistrates Court - Essay Example All offences which can be tried in the Crown Court are known as indictable offences. The most serious indictable offences which must be tried in the Crown Court are known as indictable-only offences. There are other indictable offences, such as theft, which can, but need not, be tried in the Crown Court. These are known as either-way offences. Below the Crown Court, at the lowest rung of the criminal court hierarchy, are the inferior magistrates' courts. Proceedings in magistrates' courts are presided over either by a bench of lay justices of the peace, who sit with a legally qualified clerk, or by a legally qualified stipendiary magistrate. Magistrates' courts try the either-way offences which are not tried in the Crown Court and also summary offences. These are crimes created by statute which must be tried by a magistrates' court. An either-way offence cannot be tried in a magistrates' court unless the accused assents to this and a magistrates' court agrees that the summary procedu re is appropriate. If the accused does not consent or the magistrates' court vetoes a summary trial the offence must be tried on indictment in the Crown Court regardless of whether the accused intends to plead guilty or not guilty. The only effect of a guilty plea is to make it unnecessary to empanel a jury in the Crown Court. ... In the majority of cases the court which convicts an accused also sentences him. High Court Her Majesty's High Court of Justice (usually known more simply as the High Court) is, together with the Crown Court and the Court of Appeal, part of the Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales (which under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, is to be known as the Senior Courts of England and Wales). It deals at first instance with all the most high value and high importance cases, and also has a supervisory jurisdiction over all subordinate courts and tribunals. Appeal from the High Court in civil matters lies to the Court of Appeal and thence to the House of Lords, except when the High Court is sitting as a Prize Court when appeal lies to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The High Court is based at the Royal Courts of Justice on The Strand, in central London. However, it also sits as 'District Registries' all across England and Wales and virtually all proceedings in the High Court may be issued and heard at a district registry. It is headed by the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. By convention, all of its male judges are made Knights Bachelor, while all of its female ones are made Dames Commander of the British Empire. The High Court is split into three main divisions: the Queen's Bench Division, the Chancery Division and the Family Division. The Supreme Court Costs Office is the part of the High Court that deals with legal costs and falls outside these divisions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice If we look at the standard works of constitutional law, the only thing that is agreed is that judicial independence means that High Court judges may not be dismissed without an

Bertrand Russells criticism of direct realism Essay

Bertrand Russells criticism of direct realism - Essay Example To begin with, it may be important to highlight several important aspects of the view which was developed by Bertrand Russell. Thus, he questions whether there is some kind of knowledge that everyone would agree on. He concludes that the knowledge about the objects that exist in reality can be such knowledge as two people who walk into the same room would see in the similar manner. However, that is exactly the kind of approach that he wants to criticism, suggesting that the knowledge that he was of the ordinary objects (he particularly focuses on the example of the table) is, in fact, relative. Russell points out that the perception of a physical object is largely conditioned by the state of the observer; for example the color of the table will change based on the angle of view. The same can be said about texture shape and so on. Keeping in mind that all these states exist simultaneously, he argues that it is not logical to talk about the â€Å"real† color or shape of the tabl e.The philosopher in question then moves to the issue of norm in terms of determining properties of the object. Having established that the color can be bright (under direct sunlight), moderate (under artificial light) and invisible (if perceived in the darkness), Russell notes that most people would agree that the â€Å"real† color is the one found in the second case. However, in his view this leads to â€Å"favoritism† that can hardly be justified since it is grounded on such vague assumptions as â€Å"normal spectator †¦ an ordinary point of view †¦ usual conditions of light†.

The Conquest of Mexico Essay Example for Free

The Conquest of Mexico Essay We all know that to a story there are always two sides. The story can have a great change depending on what side is telling the story. We can argue the same thing to the devastating Spanish conquest of Mexico. That was Stuart B. Schwartz, a Professor at Yale University main objective to give the reader a detailed view of the Spanish conquest of Mexico both by the Nahua and the Spanish perspective presenting a balanced and fair collection of European and Native American sources complemented by his own expert analysis. Victors and Vanquished demonstrates that personal interest, class and ethnic biases, and political opinions can influence the interpretation of events. While the tragic events still lead to the Spanish conquest both sides of the story recall the motivations of the conquest from very distinct ways, in addition I think that it is important to look at the greed and lies to the Spanish conquest. Schwartz in the introduction provides the reader with a comprehensive description of the Mesoamerica and Spanish society. This includes the end of the Classic Era and how Mexica Empire rose to power and how it expanded through all of Central America. The most notable theme in the whole story is the greed and lies that almost every single character represents in the story. The Mexica for example make the foundation of Tenochtitlan where there is estimated that is was occupied by more 150,000 people. The Mexica sacrifices and torture people from other tribes making them the most dominate empire of Central Mexico their city Tenochtitlan was a great example of this too â€Å"Gazing on such wonderful sights, we did not know what to say, or whether what appeared before us was real.† Bernal Diaz knew the Mexica Empire was one of the most beautiful things he had ever seen. Weren’t the Mexica people greedy too? They sacrificed people, children and animals to their God Huitzilopochtli, Tlà ¡loc, Huehueteotl and Tezcatlipoca to obtain what they needed. On the other side of the world the Spanish had been fighting for Catholicism most of the European countries were converted to Christianity. Popes dominated the society but they as the same King and lowest rank solider had the same vision, Money and power. Conquistadores had been traveling around the world trying to find lucrative amount of goal, taking over territories sometimes already occupies, and making the native people slaves to their commands. Bernal Diaz in his second writing speaks of Hernan Cortez setting foot in Tenochtitlan and meeting with some representatives of Montezuma. Diaz describes the encounter differently of the real intentions of Cortez. He explains that Cortez treats the representative with kindness and leaves the representatives with a good impression of him. He says that he is there only to trade with the Indians and nothing else. Cortez believes that Montezuma has gold hidden somewhere and for this he sends back the representatives some presents Montezuma received these gifts but he desired not to be interview in other words he didn’t want asked questions instead he send Cortez fine gift a helmet filled with gold instead of making new friends Montezuma fell in trap that Cortez secretly desire to know if there were fine mines in Tenochtitlan. Therefore the Spanish conquest was not a massacre it was a well brought plan by the conquistadores full of lies and greed. The Mexica wouldn’t of fall into their plan if they too weren’t greedy and would just stick to their own cultivations and own resources.

Civil Disobedience Paper Essay Example for Free

Civil Disobedience Paper Essay Throughout US history, there were many occurrences performed by people that helped define American Identity. Some of the many aspects that helped evolve characteristics of American identity are civil disobedience, freedom of religion, and immigration. Historical happenings throughout time helped create how the US is today, and why certain freedoms are allowed. Civil Disobedience is one of the important aspects of american identity. Harriet Tubman played a great role in performing civil disobedience involving her freeing slaves. Harriet had a huge bounty on her head and still she rebelled against the law, rescuing more slaves. Henry David Thoreau also performed a part in the act of civil disobedience when he refused to pay taxes, because of his opposition to the Mexican-American War. He wrote an essay Resistance to Civil Government stating that citizens have the right to disobey the law if the law was considered unjust. Furthermore, Womans rights is another example of civil disobedience. Women werent treated as equal as men and were denied the right to vote. In 1848 the Declaration of Sentiments had 12 resolutions that called for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women. Overall, civil disobedience plays a huge role in American identity. Freedom of religion is another aspect that highlights american identity. Many people came to America in search of religious freedom. Colonists wanted a chance to worship freely and have a religion they wanted to take part in. When the pilgrims came to American their goal was to escape the persecution of the puritans. Later on many religions began to disperse everywhere and therefor, population began to grow in America. The Salem Witchcraft Trials, and the Great Awakening of the 1730s played a great role in influencing freedom of religion. America became a refuge for those who wanted religious freedom and became a home to the many people that had the chance to improve their lives. Overall, religious freedom is a huge aspect defining American Identity. Since before America’s founding, immigration has been part of the American identity. In 1845, potato famine in Ireland stopped plants from growing and many families were starved and wished for an escape, nearly 3.5 million Irish migrated to America during the 1820s through the1880s. The Irish weren’t the only immigrants that migrated to America. The Germans had come to America during World War 1 in order to better their lives. Immigrants with money would buy farms in the country, and immigrants with very little money would stay in the city, mainly in New York. By 1855, New York homed at least seventy percent of the New York population. Many immigrants have come to America and still have many coming in and out of our country nowadays. Overall civil disobedience, freedom of religion, and immigration are just a few of the many traits given to the US over time. Because of all these happenings that have occurred in the US, we as citizens have many rights. Here in the US we are known to have different yet unique identities, all thanks to the acts of rebelliousness and righteousness throughout US history.

Analysing The Chemistry Of Coke Chemistry Essay

Analysing The Chemistry Of Coke Chemistry Essay Coke is the most popular carbonated soft drink. Generally there is Phosphoric acid in all fizzy drinks including cokes. The Phosphoric acid is infused as an active ingredient in coke to provide the tangy flavour. There is variety of different types of cokes. For example diet coke which contains less sugar and calories than original coke, vanilla coke which has vanilla flavour and zero coke which contains no sugar at all. Nowadays it is getting issued that phosphoric acid can damage humans teeth or bone health even with minimal exposure. Investigation of finding out the amount of phosphoric acid in each three different cokes; original, zero and vanilla coke by titration is done for consumers to let them know that amount of phosphoric acid is not changed depends the types of the cokes. Introduction Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is an active ingredient that contributes the tangy taste in the coke. The acid is fairly weak but, more drinks, the more acid human body has to neutralize. For that the body uses calcium from the bones which reduce the bone strength. (AdlersbergJay, 2010) To analyse the phosphoric acid in cokes, the acid/base titration method has been brought. Acid/bas titration is required to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant. It is performed by dropping the known solution in the burette into the unknown solution in the beaker which has been added a few drops of the indicator or simply using the pH Meter. (KennanMark) The indicator is a liquid that makes the colour change of the solution when it is neutralized. Different indicators are used for different pH levels and they have different colour changes. (Acid-Base Chemistry) Indicator pH Range Color Change Thymol blue 1.2 2.8 red à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ yellow Methyl red 4.4 6.2 red à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ yellow Litmus 5 8 red à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ blue Bromothymol blue 6.2 7.6 yellow à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ blue Phenolphthalein 8.0 10.0 colorless à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ pink The experiment is performed based on the hypothesis, the amount of phosphoric acid in each different types of cokes are different as they are not the same type of the coke. Main Body Aim The aim of the experiment is to analyse a commercial sample of three different types of cokes and determine the mass of phosphoric acid in the samples using volumetric analysis; acid/base titration. Hypothesis If the types of the coke are different then the quantity of phosphoric acid in cokes will differ to each other because each types of coke contain variety of ingredients in different amounts. Materials Balance 50ml beaker 20ml pipette 25ml pipette 50ml burette 250ml volumetric flask 100ml volumetric flask 250ml conical flask Spatula Label sticker Small glass funnel Burette stand and clamp White tile Distilled water Phenolphthalein indicator KHSO4 Approx 0.1M NaOH solution Coca-Cola (original, zero, vanilla) Method Standard KHSO4 Solution Approximately 3g of KHSO4 was measured and put into a clean 50ml beaker. For dissolving the KHSO4, Transferred KHSO4 and distilled water to 250ml volumetric flask and filled the flask with distilled water. Put the stopper and mixed the contents of the flask well. Then calculated number of moles and concentration of KHSO4 and recorded them. Standardising the NaOH solution Pour the 0.1M of NaOH into the burette and made sure that the initial volume exactly 0.00ml. Next, poured the standard KHSO4 solution measured with 20ml pipette into conical flask and added 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Then, the NaOH was slowly dropped into the flask until the KHSO4 solution turned slightly pale pink which tells its end-point and recorded the NaOH volume used. Repeated standardising twice and recorded them as well. After that, calculation of the molarity of NaOH was done by using the average of the three volume measurements. Analysis of Coke Before starting the analysis of the cokes, original coke, zero coke and vanilla coke had been left for approximately 32 hours in the beakers with no lids on, to make sure there was no carbonic acid in them. This was because that coke doesnt only contain phosphoric acid but carbonic acid which makes the drinks fizzy. Put cokes measured by Pipette 20ml in to 100ml volumetric flasks. Then made 20% diluted coke by filling the flask to the 100ml mark with distilled water. Put the stoppers on them and shake the each solution. Labelled the each flask. Pipette 25ml of each three 20% diluted coke solution to clean 250ml conical flasks and added 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to each samples in flasks. After that, titrating NaOH solution was performed into the coke samples and recorded the required NaOH volumes for the samples. Again, the steps were repeated twice for each sample. Lastly, the molarity of phosphoric acid in the 20% coke solutions and the mass of phosphoric acid present in commercial undiluted cokes were calculated. Results Standard KHSO4 solution Mass of KHSO4 used: 3.2g Standardising the NaOH solution V(KHSO4) = 20ml Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 NaOH Volume used 20.4ml 19.8ml 19.8ml Average volume: (20.4+19.8+19.8)/3 = 20ml Analysis of Coke Volume of 20% original/zero/vanilla coke used = 25ml Trial 1 Trial 2 Original 0.7ml 0.8ml Zero 0.8ml 0.8ml Vanilla 0.7ml 0.9ml Average volume: Original: (0.7+0.8)/2 = 0.75ml Zero: (0.8+0.8)/2 = 0.8ml Vanilla: (0.7+0.9)/2 = 0.8ml Discussion Analysis of results The experiment was performed in three parts to titrate the cokes. The first part was for making standard KHSO4 solution. 3.2g of KHSO4 was used to make the solution and that made the concentration of KHSO4 solution 0.0938M which is nearly 0.1 M. Molar mass of KHSO4: 39.1+1+32.1+(161) = 136.2g/mol Moles of KHSO4: m/M = 3.2/136.2 = 0.0235 moles Concentration of KHSO4: n/V = 0.0235/0.250 = 0.0938M (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 0.1M) The second part was for standardising the 0.1 M NaOH solutions. It was performed three times and the average volume of NaOH used was applied in the calculation of concentration of NaOH by using the concentration formula, C1V1=C2V2. The calculation below shows the concentration of NaOH was 0.0938 M. Concentration of NaOH: (CKHSO4VKHSO4)/VNaOH = (0.093820)/20 = 0.0938M Lastly the third part was for analysis of cokes. Titrating three different types of coke by NaOH solution was performed in this part. The result showed that NaOH solution has been used 0.75ml for original coke and 0.8ml for zero and vanilla coke. The volume used differences between the three cokes were not that big. However these little differences affected the final result. Concentration calculation was brought to determine the concentration of 20% coke solutions and undiluted coke. After the molarity of undiluted coke (phosphoric acid), it was able to calculate the mass of phosphoric acid in 1L of undiluted coke solutions. Concentration of 20% coke solutions (phosphoric acid): (CNaOHVNaOH)/Vcoke Original: (0.0938 x 0.75)/25 = 0.002814M Zero: (0.0938 x 0.8)/25 = 0.003002M Vanilla: (0.0938 x 0.8)/25 = 0.003002M Concentration of the undiluted coke (phosphoric acid) Original: 0.001814 x 5 = 0.00912M Zero: 0.003002 x 5 = 0.01501M Vanilla: 0.003002 x 5 = 0.01501M Mass of phosphoric acid in 1L of undiluted coke solutions (Molar mass of phosphoric acid (H3PO4): (13)+31+(164) = 98g/mol) Original: 0.00912 x 98 = 0.89376g/1000ml Zero: 0.01501 x 98 = 1.47098g/1000ml Vanilla: 0.01501 x 98 = 1.47098g/1000ml Throughout the titration in third part of experiment, the amount of phosphoric acid in 1L of undiluted original coke, zero coke and vanilla coke have been calculated. The result came out fairly different to the hypothesis of this experiment. Contrary to the expectation, titration results of three cokes were not that different. According to the result, there is approximately 0.89376g of phosphoric acid in original coke and 1.47098g of phosphoric acid in zero and vanilla coke. The original coke has 0.57722g less phosphoric acid than others. Therefore the original coke has less phosphoric acid and zero and vanilla coke contain 0.57722g more phosphoric acid. Error analysis The major error was occurred during the titration. Because the colour of the cokes was too dark to see the colour change to pink, it was needed to be diluted so the coke solutions were 20% diluted with distilled water. However, even if it was able to see the colour change, the colour of the diluted coke was still dark that it was hardly seen the solutions changing of pale pink, end-point. The result was supposed to show their phosphoric acid contents were same but it was not. It is assumed that the titration was not accurate enough because of the dark colour of cokes and that is because there was 0.05ml of NaOH less volume used in original coke. Conclusion The purpose of the experiment was to find out the most phosphoric acid contained coke since it was guessed that different types of coke would contain unlike quantity of acid to each other. So the method of acid/base titration has been invited to figure out the amount of phosphoric acid in each different types of coke; original coke, zero coke and vanilla coke. For the titration, standard KHSO4 solution and standardising the NaOH solution were required. Throughout all the records and calculation, it was able to determine the quantity of phosphoric acid in each types of coke. Different to the prediction, fairly similar amounts of phosphoric acid were contained in the cokes. It is shown through that original coke is bit healthier than other two types of coke as it has 0.57722g less phosphoric acid it but as the difference is not that outstand, it is determined that generally constant amount of phosphoric acid are irrespective of the types of the coke.

The Harlem Renaissance Essay -- Culture

The Harlem Renaissance In Harlem between the 1920’s and 1930’s the African American culture flourished, especially in areas such as music, art, literature, dance, and even in film. This soon became known as the Harlem Renaissance. With the entire positive and the negative situations of this time period the African Americans still seemed to have it all. The Harlem Renaissance came about because of the changes that had taken place in the African American community after the abolition of slavery because of World War I and the social and cultural changes in early 20th century in the United States. After harsh conditions for African Americans after the Plessy vs. Ferguson Trial many of them decided to move to the North to New York. By staying in the South they became more and more economically depressed and there was less of a demand for labor. Moving to the North became one of the best things African Americans did for themselves. There, men could vote and there was a better education system fo r children. As a result of World War I and the Industrial Revolution there were better job opportunities for African Americans as well. At the end of the American Civil War in 1865 many free African Americans searched for a place with education and employment opportunities. They ended up finding this place in Harlem, New York. This was where the first black middle class was created. In the early 1900’s the African American middle class began to publicize for racial equality. During this time W.E.B DuBois was the head of the civil rights movement. Soon after, he began to work closely together with other civil rights workers and activists. Together they discovered the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, also known as t... ...issance applauded the appreciation of the African American roots and culture. For example, literature written during this time showed artistic and imaginative ideas freeing black people from their past life and what happened to their ancestors just years before. Since these cultural experiences were now shared the African Americans celebrated this and today it gives us just a little bit of an outlook on some of our history. Works Cited http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap9/9intro.html http://www.biography.com/tv/classroom/harlem-renaissance Wallington, D. (2006) Harlem Renaissance Wiseman, G. (2008) How the Harlem Renaissance inspired a national community of black writers Watson, Steven. (1995) The Harlem Renaissance: Hub of African American Culture (1920-1930) Baker, Houston. (1992) Modernism and the Harlem Renaissance.

Corporate Average Fuel Economy Essay -- essays research papers

Corporate Average Fuel Economy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The foreshadowed Market Failures of the mid 1970's gave way to Corporate Average Fuel Economy, regulation which would call for new standards in automobile fuel efficiency. The market failures hinged on a number of outside variables which could have had a drastic effect on domestic markets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resource Scarcity drove the American public to call for a more efficient means of managing its resource use due to a) oil embargos on nondomestic products and b) skyhigh prices at the pump.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conservation of the world's non-renewable resources cams to the foreground with a) higher pump prices and b) forecasted resource expenditure before the year 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With Corporate Average Fuel Economy in place the market failures should be partially alleviated and pressures due to restricted international resources should subside. The regulated fuel efficiency should allow the market to resume its national flow and regain stability without further manipulation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reliance on imported fuels would be minimized because of the a) decreased demand for fuel consumption and b) lowered fuel demand allowed for domestic producers to meet the basic needs of the public.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maximum fuel efficiency would a) cut the amount of fuel consumption thus nullifying high pump prices and b) raise the level of conservati...

A Tradition of Spirituals Essay -- Essays Papers

A Tradition of Spirituals Origin of Spirituals A Look at Prominent Composers and Performers Including Literary Analysis of Spirituals: Wade In the Water Summertime Nobody Knows De Trouble I've Seen Deep River Sometimes I Feel Like A Motherless Child I Want Jesus To Walk With Me Spirituals: Age to Age Origin of Spirituals African American spirituals are one mode through which the melodies and rhythms of Africa found their way to America. Spirituals arose out of the songs the slaves would sing working in the fields on the plantations. In the fields the slaves developed a musical combination of "call and response" which becomes characteristic of gospel singing. Early spirituals acted for a number of practical functions for the slaves. Some were a mode of communication or a map to the North. Aside from these reasons, their song was a cry for freedom and salvation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Look at Prominent Composers and Performers Henry Thacker Burleigh (1866-1949) Henry Thacker Burleigh. was born on December 2, 1866,in Erie, Pennsylvania. His mother was a domestic worker, and it was advantageous to young Henry that his mother was so employed. His mother's employer, Mrs. Elizabeth Russell, would hold concerts by well-known performers in her home and Burleigh was permitted to attend. His interest in music was accute even at this young age and it would continue throughout his life and illustrious career. Burleigh sang in the choirs at St. Paul's and the Park Presbyterian Church as well as at the Reform Jewish Temple. It seemed that he was always singing. He sang while he worked at jobs such as stenographer (which he took on to s... ...adition, in varying forms, today. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bibliography Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Music. Seventh Edition Boatner, Edward. I Want Jesus To Walk With Me, Galaxy Music Corp.,1939. New York Burleigh, H.T. Album of Negro Spirituals, Belwin, Inc., Florida. 1969 Knowledge Adventure. Inc. (1998) Gospel Music: Where Blues and Spirituals Meet n.pag. Online. Internet. 18 Nov. 1998. Available:http://www.orat.ilst.edu/students/kgtarra Sionimsky, Nicholas, Schiemer Books. Advisor of Macmillan, Inc. New York. 1900. Terrance, Kelvin. "African American Music: The Spiritual.(1996): n.pag. Online.Internet. 18 Nov. 1998. Available: htttp://www.orat.ilst.edu/students/kgtarra. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A study of Arthur Conan Doyle’s Essay

Of the five Sherlock Holmes stories we have read, I will be writing about â€Å"The Silver Blaze†, â€Å"The Speckled Band† and â€Å"The Man With The Twisted Lip†. Sherlock Holmes, of 221 Baker Street is one of the most remarkable and remembered detectives of his time. Holmes is unlike any other fictional detective, as he seems almost too clever at times. Holmes is famous for his powers of observation and deduction. Holmes is able to change his age and gender in order to help solve a case but the image that sticks in most peoples head’s is of him in a ear-flapped traveling cap and with a pipe in his mouth Arthur Conan Doyle began writing the stories 100 years ago, he chose set them in the past times, although to him the stories were set in the present tence. I can tell the stories are set 100 years ago because of the language, clothing and transport. In each story Holmes is required to travel up and down the country in order to solve the cases. He often travels by 1st class carriage, this shows he is of the upper class and will appeal to the readers, as they too were probably upper class when the stories were first wrote. In â€Å"The Speckled Band† Holmes and Watson travel by Pony Trap, this is another type of old fashioned transport. Cars were not around at the time the stories were written, however if they were used this would spoil the story as it would ruin the setting. The old fashioned language also plays a key part in the setting, some of the words and phrases Holmes uses are no longer used in modern day society such as â€Å"Pray continue your narrative† and â€Å"alas† that are used â€Å"The Speckled Band†. In the Silver Blaze Holmes says â€Å"Helloa† not only is this old fashioned language but also is it slightly unorthodox for Holmes as his grammar is of a high standard. I think the setting appeals to the readers as there are no other old fashioned fictional detectives. In the modern day detective stories the detectives are not able to appear as clever as Holmes as they can solve their cases by taking D. N. A samples and matching them up with the suspects, leaving the hard work to science. As this sort of technology had not been invented while Holmes was alive, he had to solve the cases using only his intelligence and powers of observation. Each story is started in Holmes’s rooms, this too shows that Holmes was well off as houses in London were not cheap at the time. Another piece of evidence to show that Holmes was of the upper class is that he had his own maid that cooks and cleans, although Holmes is never seen eating. Although Holmes does not charge for his services, all of his clients are wealthy people. In â€Å"The Speckled Band†, Holmes’ client Mrs Hudson, lives in a large house in the country. The fact that all Holmes’ clients are wealthy and important shows that Holmes too is important and wealthy. If Holmes dealt with poor less important people or less challenging cases it would ruin his reputation and the story as it takes a complex case to make a good story. Of the three stories we have read, each has followed the same basic structure, the structure plays a key part in all of the stories, as it is the same throughout all of the stories it allows the reader to understand what is happening and to feel more involved as they know what will happen next. Each story starts with a brief comment from Watson, he will always try to make this case seem better than the previous one by saying things like â€Å"Of all these varied cases I cannot recall any which presented more singular features†. Here Doyle is trying to hook the reader into reading the rest of the story by making them believe that this story will be better than the last. The case will then begin with a troubled client finding Holmes, never the other way round, as Doyle does not want to make Holmes appear desperate by looking for clients. The client explains their case before leaving it for Holmes to solve. Although Holmes does not advertise his services in any way, his clients always find him, this is often because someone has recommended him. â€Å"I have heard of you from Mrs.  Farintosh, whom you helped in the hours of here sore need. † The fact that the client always finds Holmes largely adds to his reputation. There is one main difference in the opening of the stories, this is in â€Å"The Man with the Twisted lip† where start of the story is set at Watson’s house. The main difference here is that the client has not come to Holmes or Watson but to Watson’s wife, â€Å"Folk who were in grief came to my wife like birds to a light house† this also gives Watson a chance to explain the case to the audience before explaining it to Holmes. Conan Doyle has started the story like this mainly to give Watson a chance to shine and show that there are some differences in the structure of his stories. Although Watson is portrayed as being quite stupid, this is only because he is out shone by Holmes’ intelligence, Watson is in fact a doctor and although he does not solve any cases he does come to some significant conclusion. The next part of the story will involve Holmes and Watson traveling to the scene of the crime, which is a crucial part of the story. During their journey Holmes will often become â€Å"buried in the deepest thought†, here Holmes is already beginning to think of what may have happened before he has any real evidence. Although Holmes tries to distance himself from the police force his methods are exactly the same as that of the police. Each time Holmes visits the scene of the crime he is able to deduce more than anyone with him, often Watson. Holmes will then drop a red herring by offering a false conclusion, e. g.in â€Å"The Speckled Band† we are lead to believe that the gypsies are responsible for the murder as Holmes thinks this, at the end of the story we learn that the gypsies had nothing to do with the murder and that they were the red herring. The red herring is often the same conclusion that the readers and Watson had come too. In each story red herring is designed to throw the audience off the right trail. It offers a too-easy conclusion to the case, tempting us to take the bait and making fools of us if we do, although after reading a few stories we know that Holmes first conclusion will be a red herring therefore prompting us to discard it.

Herborist: Marketing and Skin Care Products

PROMOTION The objectives of Herborist promotion are to increase the new Herborist product awareness, increase number of sales, draw customers, enhance product recognition and brand identity. Hopefully, promotions will also benefits consumers by providing needed information about Herborist value proposition. Since there are several major competitors and local players in the South Africa market, it is important to plan to have effective strategy especially for new player with limited budget.Herborist promotion strategies will emphasize promotional strategies that reflect the lifestyle of its audience, unique value proposition and the range of media available. Herborist will also using pull strategies which mean focus on demand-driven strategy because we are target directly to the end user. Pull strategies will include free samples, public promotional events such as communities demo event, door-to-door sales, point-of-sale displays, Internet marketing campaigns and telemarketing campaig ns.Media campaigns designed to associate the product with a public good such as Chinese herbal naturalism which will differentiate Herborist’s product with existing skin care products from the competitors in the market. There are several proposal taglines we can use for Herborist in South Africa: * Beauty from harmony with nature * Beautiful & Unique You * Herborist, Herbal for Your Natural Beauty * Feels Natural†¦ * Real Herbal, Real Beauty, and Real You†¦ Media Plan Above the LineTV, Radio, Newspaper & Magazine : Herborist will focus on the State broadcasting channel with SABC1, SABC2 and SABC3. SABC1 has the highest viewership, at 70. 6% of the adult population followed by SABC2 with 60%, e. tv with 57. 1%, SABC3 with 47. 6%. For other media, Herborist will work together with Media24 that has The Daily Sun, The paper has a daily circulation of over 500 000 and readership of 7. 7-million, while Media24's other dailies have a circulation of over 800 000. For magazi nes, Media24 Magazines publishes more than 60 titles selling more than 5. -million magazines a month that are read by more than 8. 7-million people. Banner, Billboard ; Brochure : A high quality multi-folded brochure is to be promoted and distributed to all spa centers, stores, salon and malls. The placement of billboard will also crucial and important. We will place the billboard in the strategic locations which has high traffic of potential customer. The billboard ; banner will distinct with other using bright white with light green color to resemble natural healthy and using English tagline to give high end product.Online Marketing: The internet user in South Africa has increasing significantly and double from only 5 per 100 people to 10 per 100 people. The internet could also reach wider market and will be delivered to costumer with higher education and income. Regarding digital media, there were 10. 9 internet users per 100 people, 8. 5 personal computers per 100 people and 72. 4 cellphone subscribers per 100 people. Web pages indexed by Google were estimated at more than 10 billion. We also expand our relationship with Media24 Its space on the internet, 24. om , It provides a range of online services, such as careers, shopping, classifieds, property, health, free mail, instant messaging, blogs and photo albums. Media24 also owns South Africa's most popular news site, News24. com Below The Line Sponsorship & Event Marketing: We will be the sponsor for Miss South Africa Beauty Pageant that has been going for almost 50 years. In May 2012, we also are going to sponsor Professional Beauty Durban in Durban that will be focus on trend cosmetic in South Africa.In October 2012 we also are going to sponsor Look & Feel Good Expo in Cape Town. In addition, we are going to have event marketing throughout the years in beauty demo in small communities also giving public training in skin care products. Sales Promotions: There are several ways to promote Herborist. Promo tion 1: 25% Off Services for New Clients in the Spa to take customers away from competitors. Offer them a reason to give your salon a chance. Furthermore, $10 Off Next Service: Every now and then, we need to make our clients special.Promotion 2: Free $20 gift certificate with the Purchase of a $100 Herborist product. Our clients will love this idea. Not only are they buying something for friends or family, they’re getting a gift for themselves. Or we could $10 Off on Product Purchase of $100 or More. Promotion 3: 10% Off for a Positive Online Review: Many of our first time customers will look up reviews. We will encourage our positive customers to go on directory sites and leave a positive remark about their great experiences using Herborist products.Public Relations: The week prior to soft launch, the major beauty editors are to be invited for a gala dinner where they will be explain about Herborist products. This is done on a free of charge basis. Local beauty salon and spa are also to be invited to participate. Grand Opening of the Herborist to introduce Herborist’s product line to the region for all local residents and businesses is to be organised with an afternoon tea and snacks on offer. Music and a viewing of the improved facilities will be available. Spa Event

Importance of “patriotism” during war Essay

Wilfred Owen in his poem â€Å"Asleep† and Andrew Hudgins in his poem â€Å"Listen? The Flies† have analyzed the concepts of death, war and violence. Even though both poets experienced the military actions themselves, they did not describe the life of soldiers and the philosophy of war from the patriotic point of view. On the contrary, in their poems Owen and Hudgins illustrated the most horrible scenes of war that emphasize that war can never be justified because it destroys human life and brings physical and moral sufferings. Both poets portray death as the only way out for soldiers, express compassion towards soldiers as the greatest victims of war and describe low importance of human life as the result of military actions in order to disprove the idea of patriotism that plays upon the mind of soldiers and exploits them for the mercenary interests of their governors. First, Andrew Hudgins and Wilfred Owen justify death to some extent because it rescues soldiers from anger of war and occurs as the natural process unlike war that goes against all moral laws.   When Hudgins talks about war in his poem he describes human life as purity that was shaded by war and turned into putrefaction: â€Å"everything that lives is pitched from purity to putrefaction, back and forth†.   At the same time Wilfred Owen, uses comparison in order to show that death becomes more pleasant than life during war. He compares death to the deep sleep: â€Å"his deeper sleep lies shaded by the shaking of great wings, and the thoughts that hung the stars.† The soldier in the poem has finally got a chance to have some rest after long days of battle. The main characters of both poems are not afraid of death and to some extent they accept it because even death cannot be more frightful than war. Thus, in the poem â€Å"Asleep† Wilfred Owen describes the soldier who does not suffer in his dead sleep because he is â€Å"above these clouds, these rains, these sleets of lead†, above all severe weather conditions, constant attacks and stress from killing and being killed. Moreover, those soldiers who are still alive envy the dead soldier that does not have to wake up in the morning and see the horrors of war again. Similar to Wilfred Owen, Andrew Hudgins refers to Bible to justify death. He uses allusion and gives quotes from the Bible to show that death is more natural for a soldier than war: â€Å"from ash to ash, it says, from dust to dust, with fire and dirty water in between†. Hudgins depicts how soldiers were waiting for death in prison camps praising the flies. The flies are symbols of death that is always near. In the last part of the poem the author killed a fly that got in his room but he knows that there will be more flies in the future. The main character of the poem does not see any point in struggling for life because it’s easier to accept death that is unavoidable during war.   Thus, according to both authors, the horrors of war lead to the condition when death becomes a happy end for a soldier because it sets him free from all the hardships that he has to go through during war and it can be explained by laws of nature. Second, the authors stress the cruelty of military actions by describing the dead soldiers as the greatest victims of war and showing their compassion for them. The length and the concentration of events in both poems are the brightest indication of the authors’ ability to awaken in the mind of readers the same kind of sympathy that both poets have for their characters. The length of the both poems does not let the reader to remain indifferent to the events which take place and arouses the feelings of grief, horror and deep sorrow in the reader’s mind. Thus, the poem of Wilfred Owen is short that enables us to read it at one sitting at the highest degree of excitement. The phrases in the poem â€Å"Asleep† are abrupt that turns the reading into the process when there is a minute to think and move to the next line. The poem by Andrew Hudgins is longer; however, most of the sentences are short and it provokes the reader to pay attention to every detail and not to leave anything without attention. All events which occur in the poem â€Å"Asleep† are concentrated in one place during certain time interval; at the same time in the poem â€Å"Listen? The Flies† the author tells about events which happened in different places during different periods of time. The concentration of time and place in the poem by Wilfred Owen is used because the author wants stay-at-home citizens to be carried to the battle field for a moment, experience what the soldiers experience every day and see the â€Å"backstage† and the reality of war. Lack of focus on time and place in the poem by Andrew Hudgins makes the reader see the war from the different standpoints and contemplate more about the meaning of life. Thus, at the beginning Hudgins describes how he noticed the body of the dead soldier, and then he points out that death took away many people in prison camps, after that he explains death using quotes from Bible and at the end he goes back to the symbolic scene with the flies. Third, both authors illustrate that military victory and destruction of enemies during war have higher importance than life of a person. The soldiers in both poems are described as some human bodies without soul rather than as human beings. In the poem â€Å"Asleep† no one notices the dead soldier; his head â€Å"confuses more and more with the low mould† and his hair becomes of the same color â€Å"with the grey grass of finished fields†.   It seems like the soldier is the machine that is out of order. Andrew Hudgins describes with certain irony the scene when the soldiers â€Å"walked the marsh† and sang the patriotic song; however, their friend was dead. The author portrays how someone’s death can be neglected because patriotic idea supported by political and economic interests plays more important role.   The dead soldiers are heroes because they were killed for their country. However, the question remains whether the interests that they defend are the interests of people or the interests of politicians. Both poems lead us to the conclusion that the consequences of patriotism are death and emotional breakdown. The poets used different techniques to emphasize that the glorious idea of military patriotism is based on political ambitions and soldiers are only instruments. The romantic beliefs about nobility of military actions made both characters of the poems the victims of war whose life lost its value and death became the answer to sufferings and hardships.

Book Journal: The Black Jacobins

The book ‘The Black Jacobins’ is a pen craft of Mr. C. L. R. James. James has scrutinized here an event happened in 1791; which brought out the Revolution of Haitian. The reasons that caused this revolution to take place are the main concerns of his account. He has analyzed the points of progress where economic and class differences overpowered the racial differences. Gradually picturing the whole scenario, he has carefully plotted his findings comparing the French and Haitian revolutions.He has matched his findings on every event with the French and Haitian revolutions. French camp was San Domingo and all the slave trade used to happen here only to cater the French government. All the efforts that France was making against USA, UK, and the communal divisions that existed within her had put a customary influence over the stepping forward of the San Domingo revolt. Writer percepts the class difference had overpowered racial difference.The French revolution is one of the m ajor causes of Haitian revolution as far as the influence is concerned. Other causes include the events like insurgence of the working class natives, and Bastille event. The above-discussed causes affected the slaves very much. Another hub of attention is the leadership of Toussaint L’Ouverture. L’Ouverture’s life has also been analyzed by James. It has been suggested for this forefront facing revolting head that he had organized people, unified the rebellious forces, and also headed some fundamental wars.He fought from the forefront and after he was caught, his army generals became his predecessors. He had been a terrible idol and his character has almost been vague in the writings of different authors. The work of C. L. R James is depicting a great and influential description of the struggles and events occurred at that time and author has almost idealized the leadership qualities of that time (James, 1989). Works Cited James, C. (1989). The Black Jacobins: To ussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution . Vintage.

Chapter 5 Notes Essays - Fiction, Literature, Mollusc Shells

hapter 5 NotesLiteracy Circles (LOTF) Ralph Is frustrated with his hairThinks to himself while walking on beachHe decided to call the group backLater, evening he blows the conch shell and group gathersAt the meeting place Ralph grips the conch shell and scolds the boys for failure in rules, refuse to work, do not gather water, neglect the signal fire, don't even use the designated toilet area.Ralph try's putting everything back in place to avoid the groups fear of monsters.Jack says there is no beastOne of the boys says he hasseena monster, stating it might come from ocean at night.Jack bravely says if there is a beast I will hunt it downJack makes fun of piggy and runs offPiggy urges ralph to blow the conch shell and get boys back to groupCrying echo is heardinthe distanceMainly the fear of the beast becomes more imposing"What I mean is, maybe it's only us" Simon basically counters theboy'slogic of beast being in ocean with maybe it is just our minds overwhelming us.Jack and the hu nters use the little boys fear to their advantage A manipulation that leads the rest of the group fearful and more willing to gain power to jack and his hunters.Jack plays smart andtriesto become the beast to showcase power Golding asserts we are all able to become the beastAll inall,this chapter summarizes the fear at the beach.There isanargument on who should be the new leaderForeshadowing: Jack and Ralph are fighting, jack wants to take position as leader which leads to conflict. Foreshadow because jack may try to takeRalph'sposition in future.Imagery: While Ralph is walking at beginning of chapter, fallen palms, and the grass at base of trunks.The fear of the beast symbolizes the break down of society and need for civilization. Simon is shown as a shy kid+

Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Death Penalty - Essay Example Examining the use of the death penalty, historical attributes and the different viewpoints shows that there are controversies that allow the penalty to continue to be practiced within society. The concept of the death penalty is one which continues to remain questionable, specifically because of the moral implications which are associated with this. Despite the debates, the penalty continues to be practiced within this time frame. The problem which is now arising is based on the intent of murder as well as the question of whether a life should be taken from an individual. The several debates show that there isn’t a way to justify the death penalty and the reason to kill an individual because of the crimes committed. The questions that arise from the debates as well as the problems which are continuing to arise with the circumstances within the death penalty are some of the many reasons that the death penalty is one which can’t be attributed or practiced in society. The death penalty first began in the United States in the 17th and 18th centuries when colonialism was still functioning as the main structure in society. The most common reasons for the death penalty ranged from treason to murder, burglary, counterfeiting or arson. The American colonies justified this because of the smaller communities which were trying to build and the several problems which arose when the communities were hindered by the difficulties which arose. The punishment system was also not in place, making the death penalty a reasonable option to stop the crimes in the community and to ensure that there were controls on those who committed crimes within the region. It was also known that the political and religious traditions were developing in a more conservative manner, which led to little debate over the death penalty and the approaches which many took when looking at the purpose used for this type of punishment. It wasn’t until the development of the United States at later time frames and in relation to the growth of prison systems that the alterations were made within the system (Banner, 2003). The death penalty is currently practiced by 34 states and is prohibited by 16 states. Out of these states, there were 1260 executions which were performed between the years of 1976 to 2011. It is noted that there are racial differences with those who are tried with the decision to face the death penalty with 56% being white, 7% Hispanic, 35% black and 2% other. It was also noted that there were frequent patterns between the race and the death penalty with the race of the victim and the race of the defendant making a difference in the number of executions which were performed by each state. Other demographics which are associated with this are inclusive of juveniles, which include 22 youth that have faced the death penalty, as well as several which have faced the death penalty while being diagnosed with mental illness. It has also been found that an av erage of 130 individuals was released from prison since 1973. They were tried for the death penalty and were later found as innocent (Death Penalty Info, 2011). The complexity with the death penalty first comes from the other facts that are based on the penalty and its effectiveness. The penalty was first used as a control for prisoners and as a way to stop individuals from causing complexities

The Anthropology Of Sport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Anthropology Of Sport - Essay Example Some sociologists believe that the concept of sport matches with the concept of games and claim that both games and sports come close to the concept of playful competitions. â€Å"Sports can be recreational as well are recreational activities can also be a sport†. To some sociologists, the term sport falls into one of the categories of play. Another writer, Edwards, does not seem to be agreeing with the belief of such sociologists. He believes that sport and play have different meanings and these terms cannot be said close to each other by any means. Considering such beliefs of different scholars, the author has worked towards establishing a proper definition of the sport by trying to find out a significant difference or similarity between the terms sport, play, and work. Conclusion Summing it up, this article is an effort to find out whether the sport has some association with the concept of play or its roots go back to the concept of work. The author has made an effort to an alyze the viewpoints of different scholars in trying to come up with a proper definition of the sport from a sociological point of view. Summary: Article 2 Introduction In The Anthropology of Sport, the author acknowledges the success of some sports sociologists in coming up with somewhat acceptable definitions of the sport. ... In the start of the article, the author has listed some situations related to sports activities and has asked the readers to identify whether those situations fall into the category of sport or not. The author has also asked the readers to give reasons behind their answers. One of the thoughts, which the author has mentioned in this article, is that the meaning of sports changes when a person is put into some other cultural settings.

Personal Belief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Belief - Essay Example I graduated from high school long time ago. After graduation, I started to apply to colleges to continue my study. I choose to study Computer Engineering, which was my dream. Although my GPA in high school was high and I was very good in math, I wasn’t sure that I would be accepted in the program because I always have low self-steam and I thought they would not accept me, because they have applicants who are qualified for their program better than me. One month after my application, I got letter through the mail. It was from the university and while I was trying to open the envelop I wasn’t so excited, because I expected to find the refusal letter instead of acceptance. They wrote to me that they accepted me in agricultural instead of engineering college, as they think that it fits me better. In fact, I didn’t try to register in any other college because I believed them. I didn’t want to waste my money and my effort and at the end the answer will be the sa me. So, I decided to accept the offer. After one semester, I start to realize that this is my future and I don’t have to study something not interesting to me. So, I left the college. Because of my finance issue, I started to seek for a job, hoping that after I saved some money, I would continue my study. I applied for very big company, which had a lot of offers, high salary and good insurance. I was excited in the beginning, dreaming about the money, tickets that it would give me, insurance that would cover my expenses and my family expenses as well. After I got the interview, I started to worry about the job and for the whole week preceding the job interview my mind was occupied with all negative things that could happen during the interview. I actually, anticipated failure. During the interview, while they were asking me, I was worrying about my appearance, my tone and my answers, which distracted my attention and made it difficult for me to focus on the interview. The atmosphere

Recomendations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Recomendations - Essay Example Introducing resources that aid patients in adhering to a recommended patient care treatment and healthy lifestyle will enable the company to have access to the members of the community, as these are the latest concerns by the users of Bright Road Health Care System services. Developing an interactive forum between the patients and the organization’s staff to allow for a question and answer session, discussion of different topics, ability to make appointments, and passing of recommendations tailored to the needs of the client to improve the resources and services (Yih, 2011). There is a need for the augmented use and realization of the benefits offered by the internet through search engine optimization and the use of social marketing. Collaborating with social engines to allow the easier location of Bright Road Health Care System on the internet and having a high presence on facebook, twitter, and instagram with frequent information update, informative pieces of information, answering questions in a timely manner. Other measures include developing marketing designs and attractive covers, and marketing the Bright Road Health Care System products on the social media platform. Another strategy is developing a mechanism on the Bright Road Health Care System where the patient’s access links to community resources and health personnel increasing the ability of the site to attract new clients looking for information on resources and personnel. Getting in touch with the patients through mail, text messages, and calls to check on their progress and benefit s of the system also allows clients to have a strong attachment and develop loyalty to the use of the systems

Management and leadership style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management and leadership style - Essay Example Some of the key differentials that exist between management and leadership also translate to the means by which both of these forms of direction are accomplished. To begin with, one should consider the management style as something of an administrative expertise that focuses on maintenance, systems structures, a focus on the bottom line, imitation, and accomplishing tasks in the specified way. Conversely, good leadership styles tend to focus upon innovation, originality, development, a focus on the shareholders, inspiration and development of trust, and keeping an eye on the future. As a function of such a definition, the reader can and should understand the management style as more of a nuts and bolts approach that tends to be somewhat formulaic and rigid whereas leadership engenders the unique ability to mold and integrate with changes as a means of seeking the best path. It is further important to understand that such a level of approach does not specify one or the other must be e ngaged upon. As such, it is possible and desirable for an individual to accomplish both of these styles of oversight in order to be an effective vehicle for change within a given institution. Although not all individuals can fulfill the requirements of each of these categories, the individual that does is able to see from both perspectives and seek to direct the firm/group/ or entity in the most appropriate way (Paul & Berry, 2013). With regards to ethics, the leadership and management styles play an integral role in determining the priorities of the given individual. One could even argue that ethics violations only spring from management styles if and when the management style is engrained within the company’s culture. This is due to the fact that management styles are almost always formulaic and required attributes that the individual most ascribe to in order to meet the standards of the organization or group he/she is representing to the employees. Conversely, leadership s tyles fall prey much more easily to ethical violations due to the fact that these are almost always more innately tied to the ability of the individual to incorporate what they heave learned from past experience, as well as their own personality into the change mechanism they are attempting to integrate with. In order to create an ethical environment, it is incumbent upon the culture and oversight mechanisms of the firm to seek to instill a strong level of ethics into the management styles that they engender with the leadership (Dong et al., 2012). In such a way, ethical decision making and a culture of morality can be attempted to be grown from the very base levels of the way in which decisions are made within the organizations culture. As a means of integrating this with the leadership and the styles by which they ultimately manage, the organization will maximize the potential of this having a carry-over effect and impacting upon the means by which even personal attributes impact upon management and leadership within such a culture. Good management can be considered as the ability to meet deadlines, evoke utility, and ensure that one’s team meets or exceeds output standards. This process in and of itself is important; however, it has a distinctly impersonal side to it. Ultimately, the metrics of management are somewhat distinct from what the metrics of

To what extent are there significant differences in the nature of the Essay

To what extent are there significant differences in the nature of the financial systems in France, Italy and the UK - Essay Example The parties can be brought directly or indirectly. In the first case of direct finance, the parties with excess financial resources directly finance those with financial needs. The financial system consists of institutional units and markets that interact in a complex manner for the purpose of mobilizing funds for investment and providing facilities including payment system for the financing of commercial activity. The financial system starts with people and their business endeavour so that it can examine their finance needs and their demand for financial services and it can also identify the way in which needs are satisfied and demand is met. A financial system of is a complex one. At the top of the structure is the central government. The monetary and fiscal policies and regulations of the government directly influence the working of the financial system (tax rate, exchange rate etc). This is implemented through the central bank of the country. Other players in the system include t he individuals or households, non financial organizations both public and private, the stock and currency market, and financial institutions like banks and insurance companies etc. The value of financial transactions taking place is measured by the currency of the country. â€Å"A financial system raises finds from lenders or investors, making them available to borrowers or other users.† (Neave p.12). The central bank of France is called Banque de France. The currency used in France is the Euro, which replaced the French Franc in January 2002. Along with France, Italy and ten other European countries have all replaced their own currencies with the Euro and they are collectively referred to as the Euro zone. The system in France is well managed and regulated. The number of banks present has saturated the market to a certain extent. There is